Who Made the Mistake Free Essays

NAME: ZEENAT AMEEN MOHAMMED ID NO: 7401 COURSE NAME: CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION TOPIC: WHO MADE A SERIOUS MISTAKE? Instructor: DR. SHARON CASE STUDY: WHO MADE A SERIOUS MISTAKE? 3. 1IDENTIFYING THE FACTS OF THE CASE: The realities of the case are: * Jean safari was examining a genuine mistake made by a Japanese laborer at the Japanese auxiliary of a US worldwide. We will compose a custom article test on Who Made the Mistake or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now * A segment had been embedded topsy turvy, and the whole bunch has been pulled out of creation to be modified. * The expense of fixing is on the high side. * The chief asserted not to realize who was answerable for the harm. The gathering didn't disclose to him the particular lady included. * The entire gathering has acknowledged obligation of the occasion. * The lady concerned attempted to leave work however her colleagues urge her back once more, the gatherings knows that she is new and they didn't support her enough or post for her or see that she was appropriately prepared. * The whole gathering chose to assume liability and apologize to jean. 3. 2 STATING THE PROBLEM The issue for this situation is that Jean needs to discover the guilty party who fixed the segment topsy turvy. 3. 3 SETTING THE OBJECTIVES The destinations of this case are to discover the guilty party and for the offender to be rebuffed so as to stay away from future notoriety of a similar occasion. 3. 4 IDENTIFYING THE AREAS OF CONSIDERATION IN THIS CASE The issue for this situation is that jean needs to know the offender with the goal for her to rebuff the individual required to evade any comparable case later on, however the plant director views this as not significant if the guilty party has understood her slip-up, yet then again, Jean Safari thinks its significant for her to discover the individual, and make a move against her. Jean Safari is a UNIVERSALIST and puts stock in INDIVIDUALISM likewise meaning she is worried about the guidelines of the firm and the individual included ought to be rebuffed separately, yet the plant supervisor and the rest of the laborers are PARTICULARIST and they have confidence in COMMUNATALISM, they have faith in the relationship they have with each other and they fill in as a gathering which makes them COMMUNTALIST in nature. UNIVERSALIST: In Universalist culture, the principles apply similarly to the entire †universe† of individuals, paying little heed to connections General guidelines, codes, qualities and norms †What is acceptable and right can be characterized and consistently applied† In a Universal society, for example, the U. S. , rules and agreements are created which can apply in any circumstance. There is a conviction that what is acceptable or genuine can be found, characterized, and applied to each circumstance. In view of their Universalist methodology, in a business circumstance Americans will need to depend on an agreement to impart the provisions of an understanding and to characterize the connection between the gatherings. PARTICULARISM: Particularism depends on rationale of the heart and human kinship. China is a particularistic culture where individuals take a gander at connections and conditions in a particular circumstance to choose what is correct. For the Chinese, the lawful agreement conveys a beginning stage for an understanding. As conditions change so too should the provisions of the understanding. For the Chinese, the circumstance and the specific people included are what characterize relationship. Independence: Individualism is a hypothesis keeping up the political and monetary autonomy of the individual and focusing on singular activity, activity, and interests likewise direct or practice guided by such a hypothesis. Independence places incredible incentive on confidence, on security, and on shared regard. Contrarily, it grasps resistance to power and to all way of powers over the individual, particularly when practiced by the state. As a hypothesis of human instinct, independence holds that the interests of the typical grown-up are best served by permitting him greatest opportunity and duty regarding picking his targets and the methods for acquiring them. COMMUNATALISM: Communitarianism is a philosophy that underscores the association between the individual and the network. That people group might be the nuclear family, yet it can likewise be comprehended in a far more extensive feeling of individual communication, of topographical area, or of shared history. 3. 5 PROPOSING THREE ALTERNATIVE COURSE OF ACTIONS ST ALTERNATIVE: The principal option is use PUNISHMENT (SUSPENSION) provided that the offender is being suspended from work he would not be paid for those days that he wont be around on the grounds that it would be viewed as he isn't working for the principle time he would not associate with this would help in teaching of different specialists in the association and it would maintain a strategic distance fr om further missteps and absence of focus and new representatives would be observed completely and all the current laborers would support the new ones and get them on target to do the new position. nd ALTERNATIVE: The subsequent option could be CONSIDERATION, the guilty party could be thought of in order to permit the laborer with the impression he would not rehash a similar slip-up. The upside of this is the laborer would be glad to work in the firm realizing that the firm considered him and this additionally would inspire him/her and different collaborators yet in addition thought may likewise have a negative impact, if the laborers realize that they are constantly viewed as when they commit an error each specialist would commit an error and would hope to be viewed as representatives will build up a feeling of insubordination in light of discipline as opposed to considering it to be an obstacle to a specific movement. rd ALTERNATIVE: The third option ought to be WARNING an offender could be truly cautioned not to endeavor doing such offense again and on the off chance that he rehashes it a genuine move would be made against him/her I along these lines the guilty parties and the other collaborators would be cautious in their dealings in the firm, the weakness of this may be, a few laborers would not hold fast to the principles and guidelines of the firm realizin g that the most elevated thing that can happen would be an admonition letter. 3. 6 CHOOSING AND RECOMMENDING THE BEST SOLUTION The best answer for this case is WARNING and SUSPENSION in such a case that the guilty party is cautioned she would not rehash such offense in future since it would be plainly expressed that if the offense is done again a genuine move would be made, if the offender is rebuffed this would make different specialists terrified and some may even leave the association which would be at the danger of the association as a rule, and furthermore if the laborer is suspended this would acquire an enormous distinction the disposition of laborers in the association since they realize that a genuine move would be made against them in this manner they would be progressively cautious when they are carrying out the responsibility. Reference index bukchin, m. (2012, october 25). http://www. by means of web. de/universalism-versus-particularism/. Recovered walk 22, 2013, from http://www. through web. de/universalism-versus-particularism/: http://www. by means of web. de/universalism-versus-particularism/media, d. (2012, september 5). http://www. meez. com/network. dm? furl=http%3A//gatherings. meez. com/discussions/genuine points/6221608-independence versus communalism. html. Recovered walk 22, 2013, from http://www. meez. com/network. dm? furl=http%3A//discussions. meez. com/discussions/genuine subjects/6221608-independence versus communalism. html: http://www. meez. com/network. dm? furl=http%3A//gatherings. meez. om/gatherings/genuine points/6221608-independence versus communalism. html mitchel, c. (2011, august 6). http://www. theaustralian. com. au/national-issues/feeling/independence versus-communalism/story-e6frgd0x-1226109346928. Recovered walk 22, 2013, from http://www. theaustralian. com. au/national-u ndertakings/assessment/independence versus-communalism/story-e6frgd0x-1226109346928: http://www. theaustralian. com. au/national-undertakings/assessment/independence versus-communalism/story-e6frgd0x-1226109346928 webstar, m. (2013, february 3). http://www. merriam-webster. com/word reference/particularism. Recovered walk 22, 2013, from http://www. merriam-webster. com/word reference/particularism: Step by step instructions to refer to Who Made the Mistake, Essay models

Alcohol Abuse And Alcohol Dependence Essay

As indicated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental issue, Alcohol Abuse is characterized as the hurtful utilization of liquor. Unsafe utilization of Alcohol likewise infers the damaging utilization of liquor and its physical and mental impacts. Liquor abusers as indicated by the investigation are progressively inclined to drink-chasing practices and liquor resilience. They can expend a lot of liquor to Alcohol abusers additionally have the mental ability to consider liquor an approach to fix headaches and display the impulse or the inclination to drink or the enthusiastic need to devour liquor. The individuals who display liquor misuse additionally give indications of liquor misuse. Liquor reliance is characterized as a constant illness that is impacted by the social and natural elements. As indicated by specialists, Alcohol reliance is utilized by an individual to maintain a strategic distance from social and enthusiastic issues throughout everyday life. There are four indications of liquor reliance: Consistent needing for liquor Withdrawal side effects related with the abrupt stop of liquor utilization Failure to stop liquor utilization Liquor resistance Liquor reliance realizes certain signs that show that an individual is liquor subordinate: The desire to drink each morning Drinking alone and to feel good around individuals Toasting the purpose of encountering power outage or results to intoxification Drinking to calm strain or settle passionate or mental issues References Liquor Dependence. (n.d.). Recovered from The Health Authority: http://www.healthauthority.com/AlcoholDependence.htm Â

Critically evaluate the need for risk management in the event industry Essay

Fundamentally assess the requirement for chance administration in the occasion business - Essay Example Hazard the executives, as it identifies with the occasion organization, may incorporate activity things, for example, fire clearing systems or it might be a minor issue from rambunctious visitors. Hazard the executives, essentially looks to limit the possibility of cash or different types of fund that can be used incapably or manhandled. It builds the overall revenue for the organization, by ensuring that all assets are used securely, legitimately, and effectively. However, the real procedure of hazard the executives shifts from organization to organization yet as a rule, it requires backing of proprietors, along with the supervisory crew, so as to channel the general procedure and accomplish the least level of hazard conceivable. (What is hazard the board, 2003) As hazard the board is a vital piece of any sort of business, it is likewise a fundamental segment and a particular essential for successfulâ event the executives. It consolidates numerous administration disciplines, for example, change the executives, information the board, procedure and initiative. Hazard the board can be considered as a casual dynamic course that looks to create conviction from uncertainty.â The significance of hazard the executives in the occasion business has created with the developing unpredictability and specialization of administration gracefully. However, it doesn't forestall snow conditions from driving occasion supervisors to drop a merry marquee occasion, yet not understanding and powerful execution of helpful hazard the board systems can bring about grievous circumstances. Hazard the executives, most assuredly, is huge piece of the arranging procedure. Examining the hazard, permits a firm to perceive how much potential dangers may affect the occasions. Dangers can be estimated in agreement to their chance or probability of occurring and they can likewise be considered as far as the effects of the hazard or its results. Looking at a hazard and planning hazard lattices empower the administrators to

Relations between Knowledge and Reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Relations among Knowledge and Reality - Essay Example Thoughts regarding connections are unquestionably evolved and anticipated based on the conditions they satisfy. Subsequently, the connections and their ideas are reliant of the exhibitions they make. The creator additionally suggests different types of ideas depicted by Locke, which incorporate activity ideas, physical ideas and good ideas (106-107). Locke has additionally settled the examples of relations, where he pronounces circumstances and logical results as the most significant one in this respects. He has additionally demonstrated the connection between different thoughts based on the ideas set up. He called connection among thought and thing as the genuine presence. (110) Locke has introduced various sorts of concessions to observation about thoughts, where he intends to see information as boundless in nature and degree, however information on concurrence is restricted and constrained one. Thus, Locke declares the presence of information based on view of understanding or cont radiction between thoughts, without thinking about the very contrast in seeing the equivalent. (117) Locke, Law and Law of Nature Rogers (1999) has recognized the good and characteristic law portrayed and talked about by John Locke in his way of thinking. Moral law, as per Rogers, appreciates the focal spot in Locke’s political compositions (Atherton, 1999:47), which can likewise be seen in relationship with his supposition about logical developments and progressions. It is incompletely because of the very reality that logical disclosures are likewise the result of the scientists’ interest for investigating the endless marvels of nature with the assistance of perception and observational estimation. Thus, God and the universe from one viewpoint, and characteristic law and logical disclosures are interrelated by Locke (48-49). The individuals’ exercises likewise reflect normal laws, and parents’ warmth for youngsters is regular, while their disdain for kid s looks unnatural and shocking act. Thus, regular law lays worry upon profound quality for the people (51), and repeats after applying best of resources and aptitudes while playing out a demonstration or commitment. Locke has additionally looked for motivation from the Newton’s law of gravity that each object of nature acts as indicated by the orders of characteristic law, and deviation from the equivalent could welcome issue and confusion afterward. It is subsequently Locke, in his Essay, searches for looking for information about the laws of universe so as to investigate the real factors existing all around people. (53-54) Rogers additionally refers to Locke’s models with respect to the effects of different articles on others, where the response of various items is practically same, as hemlock ends the life of the individual expending the equivalent. Locke has additionally investigated connection between the law of nature and the laws of nature, where law of nature r ecognizes the presence of God, His laws and the substances to comply with the equivalent, and laws of nature rehash their course so as to actualize the law of nature. Moral Weakness by Spinoza Harris (1973) has explained Spinoza’s tenet of good shortcoming by making its examination with the integrity hypothesis enunciated by prestigious Greek savant Plato.â

A Comparison of Social Classes in America vs. 1984 :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Social Classes in America versus 1984 On the off chance that you have ever perused the book 1984 by George Orwell, at that point an intriguing theme may have entered your thoughts. The way the classes of individuals separate can be very comparable, and totally different now and again. In the United States, we have classes like the lower class, the average workers, and the white collar class. In 1984, there were such classes as the Proles, the Outer Party, and the Inner Party. The manner in which the classes are separated in 1984 helps me a tad to remember my old history class. At the point when I examined medieval occasions and the classes in those days were separated into the nobles, the middle class, and the serfs. It is truly fascinating to separate the different classes and locate their comparative subtleties and their various subtleties. Clearly the distinctions are more prominent in number and some of them genuinely outrageous. In any case, that will be normal. As I would see it, the manner in which Orwell composed the book causes his reality to appear to be more similar to an oppressed world than a perfect world. The main network that I have seen that I would even consider calling an ideal world is Star Trek. I can't consider Oceania to be being an ideal vision of satisfaction. Everybody is continually being watched, individuals aren't permitted to have their own contemplations, their previous history is totally made up. I don't perceive how it could deteriorate than that. Except if you are an individual from the Inner Party. They can have their own considerations and aren't observed constantly. The most reduced class in Oceania, the Proles, can likewise have their own contemplations. In any case, No one considerations what the proles say(Orwell, p11). So their contemplations never truly get heard or gave any consideration to in any event. The Inner Party fundamentally runs things and they just do what they need. They have no motivation to tune in to the proles. To all the more obviously portray the classes in 1984, I will depict a portion of the qualities of the three gatherings. Every individual from the Outer Party had a telescreen in their home that observed each move they made. The telescreen couldn't be killed. They had to wear a statement of calm idealism when confronting the telescreeen (Sheppard). The gathering individuals needed to wear blue overalls and were given a predetermined number of coupons to exchange for garments, nourishment, and different things, for example, that.

Mendelsund’s Theories Represented in Palahniuk’s Invisible Monsters Remix - Literature Essay Samples

Chuck Palahniuk’s Invisible Monsters Remix reflects multiple theories presented in Peter Mendelsund’s What We See When We Read. Throughout Palahniuk’s episodic novel, the reader is taken, nonlinearly, through the life of protagonist, Shannon McFarland. McFarland, a former fashion model, purposely injures her face in attempt to start a new life for herself. Her friend, Brandy Alexander, an exuberant transgender whom Shannon realizes was her brother, teaches Shannon that a person’s past should not be crucial to their future. In the novel, Palahniuk tells the reader what to see and what to imagine, a theory which is reinforced in Mendelsund’s What We See When We Read. Because Invisible Monsters Remix is organized asynchronously and the reader is told what to see when reading, the story is made into a mere, fast-paced spectacle, but is only meaningful in the end as the climax begins to fall and the story’s pace diminishes. According to Peter Mendelsund, â€Å"every narrative is meant to be transposed† or â€Å"imaginatively translated† (Mendelsund 207). Although, in Invisible Monsters Remix, instead of letting you imagine the story independently, Palahniuk instructs you on how exactly you should. At the beginning of almost every chapter, for instance, Palahniuk tells the reader â€Å"where you’re supposed to be is Spitefield Park† or â€Å"some big West Hills wedding reception† or â€Å"with cameramen and actors and stuffed mushrooms all over [a] church† (Palahniuk 66, 284, 293). Palahniuk instructs the reader on where to situate himself within the story and what exactly they should be envisioning. In the Introduction, for example, Palahniuk tells the reader to â€Å"imagine the entire internet printed on paper and bound along one edge† (v). He asks the reader to imagine these instances so explicitly to ensure that his audience is able to fully immerse t hemselves into what Palahniuk wants his readers to see. In What We See When We Read, Mendelsund explains how we picture â€Å"what we are told to see†, but simultaneously, â€Å"we are picturing what we imagine we will be told to see† (Mendelsund 94). It is true that in Invisible Monsters Remix the reader pictures what they are told to see. However, because of how episodic the novel is, it is difficult for the reader to imagine what they might be told to see next. Palahniuk askes the reader to imagine the internet printed on one page, bounded along the same edge, to illustrate how with technology, there will always be a reflection of yourself. On paper, though, there is no reflection, allowing you to completely lose yourself within its pages. Palahniuk found himself lost within the Sears catalogue. It was organized in no particular order, but because it was â€Å"a little unknowable†, Palahniuk loved it (Palahniuk vii). With the Sears catalogue in mind, he wrote Invisible Monsters Remix in a way that would â€Å"not unspool as a continuous linear series†. An Invisible Monsters Remix reader, therefore, is instructed to jump to and from different chapters in the novel. Palahniuk tells the reader at the end of a chapter, for example, to â€Å"now, please, jump to Chapter Thirty-Eight† (30). And when the reader flips from Chapter Four to Thirty-Eight the first sentence is Palahniuk’s protagonist telling you to â€Å"jump way back to last Thanksgiving† or in the instance of Chapter Twenty-Nine, you are told to â€Å"jump to this one time, nowhere special, just Brandy and [Shannon]† (242, 179). Here, Palahniuk attempts to make the story clearer for his audience by helping them decide what they should be visualizing. Palahniuk tries to have the same effect with his readers that the Sears magazine had on him; he wants his audience to become lost within the story. The nonlinearity of this makes it difficult for the reader to imagine what they might be told next. However, this episodic arrangement keeps the story spe ctacular and the reader engaged as Palahniuk provides them with a sense of anticipation. This sense of anticipation, according to Mendelsund, affects the speed at which we read. When reading something especially stimulating, we tend to â€Å"gulp words and phrases† at a faster pace, thus affecting one’s recollection of the text (Mendelsund 96). Mendelsund uses the example of walking along the side of the road on which you normally drive. Doing this, he claims, uncovers details you wouldn’t normally see at high speeds. This is applicable to Palahniuk’s main intent; to have the reader feel as if they haven’t read the whole text or that they missed a major point or detail in the story. Palahniuk wants the reader to be able to open Invisible Monsters Remix again and again â€Å"and find something – as with the Sears catalogue† that hadn’t been seen before. To do this, Palahniuk supplied the story with â€Å"jumps†, â€Å"hi dden secrets†, and â€Å"buried treasure[s]†, all of which contribute to the reader’s anticipation (Palahniuk viii). The anticipation that Palahniuk initiates in his readers, causes his audience to read at a faster pace. This pace, along with the story’s nonlinear form, mirrors the content of Invisible Monsters Remix. As dramatic, intense, or compelling things happen throughout the story, the reader is flipping through chapters that are either further apart from one another or flipping through chapters more frequently. The confusing or complicated flipping of chapters mirrors what might be happening in Invisible Monsters Remix. Dissimilarly, as chapters become closer in time, they become positioned or situated in proximity to one another. Throughout the beginning of the novel, there is a noticeable pattern of flipping between chapters near the back of the book and chapters closer to the front. As you continue to read back and forth from the front to the back, during which the pace seems fast, it feels as if you are nearing the middle of the book. However, because Palahniuk wants the reader t o feel lost, the pattern will often change, but usually only one chapter at a time. This change of pattern tends to increase the story’s pace, while it, simultaneously, represents what is happening in the story. The closer the reader becomes to the middle of the book, the slower the pace becomes. Chapters that took place in different times are starting to come together and make more sense to the reader. In Chapter Thirty-Eight, for example, Shannon, before she purposely ruins her face, spends time with her family over Thanksgiving. Shannon explains to her parents how Shane, her brother who transforms into Brandy Alexander, is â€Å"bad and mean†, and â€Å"dead† (245). Here, the reader does not know that Shannon’s brother is alive and that Brandy Alexander was once Shane. At the end of the chapter when you are instructed to turn to Chapter Five, though, Shannon tells the reader about how she kept her accident a secret from her parents. Instead, she tells them she is â€Å"going on a catalogue shoot in Cancà ºn† (31). What happens in Chapter Thirty-Eight is not in the correct, chronological order with what happens in the next chapter, Chapter Five. Having these chapters arranged nonlinearly leaves major gaps in the story. However, as the reader nears the end of Palahniuk’s novel, these pieces are filled and the reader slows down to insure they don’t miss anything else that could possibly be pieced together. When the reader slows in pace in Palahniuk’s Invisible Monsters Remix, the story that had been a simple, entertaining spectacle starts to wind down and turn to something of more significance. Certain details, which had been made confusing to understand because important context was not given, are now beginning to make sense. As the chapters near each other, empty gaps are filled allowing the story’s events to be made meaningful and significant. Works Cited Mendelsund, Peter. What We See When We Read: A Phenomenology; with Illustrations. New York: Vintage , a Division of Random House LLC, 2014. Print. Palahniuk, Chuck. Invisible Monsters Remix. New York: W.W. Norton, 2012. Print.

Easy Essay Topics For the SAT

Easy Essay Topics For the SATSo, which essay topics are the easiest to write for the SAT? It all depends on what you are studying and where you are sitting for your exam.It is a given fact that some of the easy essay topics are easy to write for the SAT. That is because they are the topics where there is no thinking involved. If you can use your vocabulary words or concepts and apply them to a real-life situation, it's easy to write for the SAT.If you've ever seen an interview of a famous person or know someone who has recently gotten an interview, then you probably recognize the term 'idea person.' These people are the hardest to write for the SAT because they don't have the material before them. And, the SAT is designed to test the ability to think logically and give multiple answers when presented with a problem. An idea person is not interested in that because they won't have the answer to the question.The easiest essay topics for the SAT are usually ones where there is a real-li fe scenario that one can apply the information from. An example would be a topic from a chapter or a thesis that uses a real-life situation or a real-life example. Because of this, many students find that a topic like that is easier to write for the SAT than if they are just writing an essay for the sake of being able to pass their exam.Another option for the easiest essay topics for the SAT is ones that involve words and phrases and problems. If you're having trouble writing the parts of your essays that cover an abstract concept, that could be the easiest topic to work with. This is because when you have an idea, it's hard to not forget what you wrote. Sometimes it's easier to reread the parts of an essay that involve the ideas that you are going over rather than try to figure out how you will write the rest of the essay.Another option for the easiest essay topics for the SAT is one that asks the student to write about something that happened to them personally. Asking the student to talk about an incident that happened to them personally can be easy because you can ask them what the event was like and why they think it would be relevant to the essay topic. A good example of this would be asking the student to write about a situation where they were in an elevator and was stuck because of some of the personal effects that were in the elevator. You could also ask the student to write about how the students became friends and began going out more.A good resource for finding the easiest essay topics for the SAT is to look online. Most colleges will allow you to type in essay topics and a topic from the SAT, and you'll get a list of topics to choose from. You may be surprised by how many different topics as there are that can be used for the SAT!

How To Use Suffixes in Spanish

One sure-fire way to boost your Spanish vocabulary is to take the words you already know and learn how to apply suffixes to them. What Are Suffixes? Suffixes are simply word endings that can be used to modify a words meaning. We use suffixes  in English all the time, and nearly all of them that we use in English have a Spanish equivalent. But Spanish has an even wider variety, and their usage isnt always as obvious as it would be in English. Take a common word like manteca, for example. Thats the word for lard, a much-used cooking ingredient in some Spanish-speaking countries. Add the ending -illa, a common ending, and it becomes mantequilla, or butter. Add the ending -ero, and it becomes mantequero, which can mean either a dairyman or a butter dish. Add the ending -ada, and it becomes mantecada, or buttered toast. Add -ado, and it becomes mantecado, or french ice cream. Unfortunately, it isnt always possible to figure out what a word means simply by knowing the root word and the suffixes. But the suffixes may give enough clues that in context you can make an educated guess. For the Spanish student, suffixes can roughly be classified as diminutives, augmentatives, pejoratives, English cognates, and miscellaneous. And one, the adverbial suffix, is in a class of its own. The Adverbial Suffix Probably the most common Spanish suffix is -mente, which is usually added to the feminine singular form of adjectives to turn them into adverbs, just as we add -ly in English. Thus simplemente is simply, carià ±osamente is lovingly, rà ¡pidamente is quickly, and so on. Diminutives These suffixes are extremely common and are used to make a word refer to something smaller, either literally or figuratively as in a form of endearment. Thus, un gato is a cat, but un gatito is a kitten. In English we sometimes do the same thing by adding -y. The most common diminutive is -ito (or its feminine equivalent, -ita), sometimes expanded to -cito or, less commonly, -illo or even -zuelo. You can add one of these endings to many nouns and adjectives to arrive at a diminutive form. Examples: perrito (doggy)hermanito (little brother)papelito (slip of paper) Augmentatives Augmentatives are the opposite of diminutives and arent used as much. Augmentative endings include -ote, -ota, -à ³n, -ona, -azo, and -aza. For examples, un arbolote is a large tree, and un hombrà ³n is a big or tough dude. Just as the diminutives sometimes are used to denote an endearing quality, the augmentatives can be used to convey a negative connotation. Whereas un perrito may be a cute puppy, un perrazo could be a big scary dog. One augmentative, -à ­simo, and its feminine and plural forms are used with adjectives to form a superlative. Bill Gates isnt just rich, hes riquà ­simo. Pejoratives Pejoratives are added to words to indicate contempt or some form of undesirability. They include -aco, -aca, -acho, -acha, -ajo, -aja, -ote, -ota, -ucho, and -ucha. The precise translation often depends on the context. Examples include casucha, a house thats falling apart, and ricacho, referring to a person who is rich in some undesirable way, such as arrogant. English Cognates These suffixes are ones that are similar to suffixes in English and have a similar meaning. Nearly all of them have come to both languages by way of Greek or Latin. Most have an abstract meaning, or are used to change one part of speech into another. Here are some of the more commonly used cognates along with an example of each: -aje — -age — kilometraje (like mileage, but in kilometers)-ancia — -ancy — discrepancia (discrepancy)-arquà ­a — -archy — monarquà ­a (monarchy)-à ¡tico — -atic — lunà ¡tico (lunatic)-ble — -ble — manejable (manageable)-cida, cidio — -cide — insecticida (insecticide)-cià ³n — -tion — agravacià ³n (aggravation)-cracia — -cracy — democracia (democracy)-crata — -crat — burà ³crata (bureaucrat)-dad — -ity — pomposidad (pomposity)-esa, -iz, -isa — -ess — actriz (actress)-fico, -fica — -fic — horrà ­fico (horrific)-filo, -filia — -file — biblià ³filo (bibliophile)-fobia — -phobia — claustrofobia (claustrophobia)-fono — -phone — telà ©fono (telephone)-icio, -icia — -ice — avaricia (avarice)-ificar — -ify — dignificar (to dignify)-ismo — -i sm — budismo (Buddhism)-dad — -ity — pomposidad (pomposity)-ista — -ist — dentista (dentist)-itis — -itis — flebitis (phlebitis)-izo — -ish — rojizo (reddish)-or, -ora — -er — pintor (painter)-osa, -oso — -ous — maravilloso (marvelous)-tud — -tude — latitud (latitude) Miscellaneous Suffixes Finally, there are suffixes that dont have a clear English equivalent. Here are some of the common ones along with an explanation of their meanings and an example of each: -ada — similar to English suffix -ful or -load — cucharada, spoonful (from cuchara, spoon)-ado, -ido — can indicate similarity to root word — dolorido, painful-al — indicates a tree or grove — manzanal, apple tree-anza — makes noun forms of some verbs — enseà ±anza, education-ario — indicates profession or place — bibliotecario, librarian-azo — a blow of the object of the root word — estacazo, a hit with a stick (from estaca, stake)-dero — indicates instrument, means, or capacity — lavandero, laundry (from lavar, to clean)-dor, -dora — indicates agent, machine or place; sometimes similar to -er — jugador, player; comedor, diner; calculadora, calculator-dura — indicates the effect of an action — picadura, puncture (from picar, to pick)-ear — common verb ending, often used with coined words — emailear, to email-ense — indicates place of ori gin — estadounidense, of or from the United States, American-erà ­a — place where items are made or sold — zapaterà ­a, shoe store-ero — variety of meanings relating to root word — sombrero, hat (from sombra, shade); vaquero, cowboy (from vaca, cow)-à ©s —indicates place of origin — holandà ©s, Dutch-eza — makes abstract nouns from adjectives — pureza, purity

Criminal Justice Trends Evnaluatio - 1253 Words

Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation 1 Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation December 10, 2012 CJA/394 Troy Hokanson Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation 2 Introduction The criminal justice system is very important to American society. The reason for laws are to defend society from harm, make certain each person is safe as well as to be treated fairly. The criminal justice system labors to defend the guiltless and to discipline the guilty without putting at risk an individual’s rights.This paper will evaluate the future of the†¦show more content†¦Although, criminals may benefit from technology by using it for criminal gain; law enforcement also benefit from the latest technology. DNA is a technology Criminal Justice Trends and Evaluation 4 that has developed a major impact on the viewpoint of the criminal justice system. With DNA samples of an individual’s fingerprint’s can be lifted from a crime scene. The breakthrough of DNA allows a person to be recognized through body fluid, hair, and fingerprint samples to be able to solve a crime (Smith, 2004). DNA samples identify suspects but one of the more positive aspects of DNA is proving a person innocent when he or she has been falsely imprisoned. Contemporary issues are problems that have faced the criminal justice system. Contemporary Issues There are many contemporary issues facing the criminal justice system and impact has caused problems such as with sentencing, courts, and corrections. The overcrowding of prisons and longer prison sentences are directly related to the â€Å"Three Strikes and You’re Out† laws (Muraskin amp; Roberts, 2009). As is the lack of rehabilitation and reentry training. There are barriers that individuals must face when leaving prison and reentering the general public. These barriers include social, psychological, and legal barriers (Muraskin amp; Roberts, 2009). To completely understand

Mother Tongue Essay - 795 Words

There are many bilingual and multicultural people in the world today. For many, the choices of which language they use, and how they use it, correspond to what social or cultural community they belong to. Amy Tan, a Chinese American novelist, portrays this well in her short essay Mother Tongue. Tan grew up in two vastly different worlds, using different Englishes. The first world, which consists of her close family, she speaks what we may call broken or limited English. The second world, which is her business and professional world, Tan speaks and writes perfect standard and academic English. Having to shuttle between these two communities with very different languages has had many different positive and negative effects on†¦show more content†¦She realized that her mother tongue has become their language of intimacy, a different sort of English that relates to family talk,...(Tan 61) Her mother tongue is the English she uses while she is in her first world, her private world, which is a completely different cultural community. As Tan was growing up, the speech she used in her family environment affected her results on various tests at school. Many other Asian Americans had this similar problem, and had teachers who are steering them away from writing and into math and science, which is what happened to me(Tan).(Tan 64) This is because Math has only one correct answer, whereas English was a matter of opinion and personal experience.(Tan 63) As a result of this, Tan drove herself to disprove others assumptions and became an English major. She wrote in a way to prove her mastery over the English language. An example she gives is this line, edited from the final version of her book, That was my mental quandary in its nascent state.(Tan 65) This is the type of language she uses in her professional life. Her words are filled with carefully wrought grammatical phrases...all the forms of standard English that (she) had learned in school and through books.(Tan 61) Without realizing it at first, Tan widened the gap between her professional community and her private familyShow MoreRelatedMother Tongue1199 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Mother Tongue† written by Amy Tan â€Å"So easy to read†(p.4). Amy Tan ends her essay, â€Å"Mother Tongue† with this short and even grammatically wrong sentence. She tells us this mother’s brief review is a proof of success of her writing. Why does she think that easiness is an essence of her writing? She suggests answers to this question by her essay. In her essay, Amy Tan effectively convinces her readers that â€Å"broken English† is not an inferior language, but justRead MoreMother Tongue767 Words   |  4 PagesMother Tongue, by Amy Tan Comprehension 1. What Tan is classifying in this essay is the different kinds of English she uses. 2. Tan identify the different categories she discusses in â€Å"Mother Tongue† almost in the last paragraph, where she named all the kind of English she uses. 3. Tan does illustrate each category she identifies 4. Some specific situations where Tan says her mother’s â€Å"limited English† was a handicap is when her mother could not be able to talk directly with peopleRead MoreMother Tongue Essay644 Words   |  3 Pagesin her story, â€Å"Mother Tongue†. Tan uses pathos to portray to her audience how through her experiences with her mother and the Chinese language she came to realize who she wanted to be and how she wanted to write. In â€Å"Mother Tongue†, Tan discusses the many ways in which the language that she was taught affected her life. Throughout the story, she describes her relationship with her mother, who speaks â€Å"broken† English, and how her perception of language has changed due to her mother. Whenever TanRead MoreMother Tongue By Amy Tan1553 Words   |  7 Pages(Date) â€Å"Mother Tongue† Response Essay In the essay â€Å"Mother Tongue,† Amy Tan emphasizes the idea that the language we are taught in childhood plays an important role in our lives. She writes about the profound effect language has on her life and how she is inspired by her mother’s â€Å"impeccable broken English† to become a writer (317). Tan describes her mother as an educated person who can read sophisticated and technical literature written in English with ease. However, Tan’s mother is oftenRead MoreMother Tongue, by Amy Tan819 Words   |  4 Pagesas â€Å"broken† and â€Å"fractured†, Amy Tan’s love for language allowed her to embrace the variations of English that surrounded her. In her short essay â€Å"Mother Tongue†, Tan discusses the internal conflict she had with the English learned from her mother to that of the English in her education. Sharing her experiences as an adolescent posing to be her mother for respect, Tan develops a frustration at the difficulty of not being taken seriously due to one’s inability to speak the way society expects. DisallowingRead MoreMother Tongue By Amy Tan1306 Words   |  6 Pages Mother Tongue is a story that describes how Amy Tan’s mother was treated unfairly because of her â€Å"broken English†. As the second generation of Chinese immigrants, Tan faces more problems than her peers do. H er mom, who speaks â€Å"limited† English, needs Tan to be her â€Å"translator† in order to communicate with the native English speakers. Tan has felt ashamed of her mother â€Å"broken† language at first. She then contemplates her background affected her life and her study. However, she changes her thoughtRead MoreMother Tongue By Amy Tan883 Words   |  4 PagesIn Amy Tan’s essay â€Å"Mother Tongue,† it is obvious that language plays an enormous role in our life. Language can influence and give us an insight into another culture different from our own. Amy Tan discusses the many ways in which the language she was taught and native to was important and powerful throughout her life. Language can be defined in various forms, but I hold and acknowledge Amy Tan’s explanation: â€Å"Language can evoke an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth.† I canRead MoreMother Tongue By Demetria Martinez1448 Words   |  6 Pa gesAs the words of our founding fathers, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is the American dream that many pursue, whether immigrated to the United States or born here. Within Demetria Martinez’s book, Mother Tongue, a novel, the character named Jose Luis flees from El Salvador to the United States in order to escape it’s brutal civil war. His choice to flee El Salvador and enter the United States under a false name places him in a difficult situation, both in his moral abandonment of hisRead MoreMother Tongue By Amy Tan1375 Words   |  6 PagesTan, Mother Tongue Language is what allows humans to be creative. Creative in the way we express ourselves, creative in the way we put our ideas forward, creative in the way we correspond with each other and in the way we can touch each other’s lives. It is truly a gift that the other species of our world do not possess, at least not to the extent that humans do! Amy Tan is an American writer and her works probe the Chinese-American experience, especially the relationship between a mother andRead MoreMother Tongue By Amy Tan967 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Mother Tongue†, Amy Tan describes the several different kinds of English her that she speaks. It is an interesting concept to think about the fact that more than one variation of a single language exist. After reading â€Å"Mother Tongue† I began looking at my own life and seeing if I could recognize the different variation of English that I have come in contact with. After some serious thought, I realized that I have not only come into contact with many different kinds of English, but I speak many

Essay about Joseph Conrads The Women of Heart of Darkness

Joseph Conrads The Women of Heart of Darkness The novella Heart of Darkness illustrates readers with three different types of depictions that men had of women during the late 1800’s; also known as the imperialistic era. These depictions were as follows; the naive woman, the mistress, and the wealthy widow. The naà ¯ve woman was personified by Kurtz intended. The mistress was personified by the native African woman. The wealthy widow is personified by Marlow’s aunt. This assumption can be made on various levels. The most obvious level is how Joseph Conrad never gave these characters names. Also when they are mentioned it is very brief. Kurtz’s intended is the naà ¯ve character. She is alone and waiting for Kurtz for as long†¦show more content†¦The small part that she has in this novella she manages to sound like a naà ¯ve woman. The second character that we are introduced to is Kurtz’s African mistress. The mistress is a beautiful woman who seems to evoke some sort of control over the men. Whenever she is mentioned the men just stand there as if in awe. She never speaks in the novella. During the late 1800’s it was acceptable for men to have mistress’, I believe that is what Conrad tried to show. That’s why Kurtz’s intended never questioned why he was taking so long. She probably knew he had a mistress and couldn’t really say anything against it. The mistress managed to gain some type of control over Kurtz, and that is why he hadn’t left yet. Even Marlow was in awe when he saw the beautiful native woman with jewelry on. Perhaps she was a wealthy woman, and that’s why the people respected her. The last female character that I will examine is Marlow’s aunt. She is perhaps a wealthy widow, who also has nothing better to do with her money. She believes strongly on the topic of imperialism. She thinks that it helps people progress. She was the one who got Marlow this opportunity. Marlow’s aunt is the combination of both characters. She was naà ¯ve and controlling at the same time. Conrad probably used this character to show readers how older women were in the past. Its amazing to see how men stereotyped women in the past it hasn’tShow MoreRelatedThe Significant Role of Women in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1986 Words   |  8 PagesIn the 1900s novella Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, the protagonist often encounters women at landmarks of his life. Charlie Marlow is a sailor and imperialist who sets out along the Congo River to â€Å"civilize† the â€Å"savages.† The novella begins with a crew on the Thames waiting for the tides to change. During their wait, a character named Marlow tells of his exploits on the African continent. In his recounted travels, Marlow meets other imperialists such as Mr. Kurtz, a man who is obsessed withRead More The Portrayal of Women in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesWomen have gained equality with men over the many centuries of the evolution of the modern western civilization. Hence, it cannot be overlooked that there still exist many literary exam ples of social disregard for woman potential. Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness exemplifies the Western patriarchal gender roles in which women are given the inferior status.p Not only are women portrayed as being inferior to men, but Marlows (the protagonists) seldom mentioning of them in his Congo adventureRead More The Role of Women in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesThe Role of Women in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Women have taken an increasingly important role in literature. Only recently have authors portrayed women in a dominant, protagonistic light. Sophocles and other classical writers portrayed women more as reactors than heroines. Since the ancient Greeks, however, a trend has been established that gives women characters much more substance and purpose. A definite shift from the antediluvian ways can be seen, and the overall complexityRead More Portrayal of Women in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay874 Words   |  4 PagesPortrayal of Women in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚   In his novel, Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad exposes the evil lurking in the soul of mankind; but this corruption is hidden from the innocent European women. Conrad?s novel depicts women simplistically in black and white ? without any confusing shades of gray. There are the innocent white European women who must -- for societys sake -- be misinformed, and the black African she-beast ? the antithesis to civilizations order.    Those exposedRead MoreEssay on Feminist Theory in Heart of Darkness1199 Words   |  5 PagesMonsters in Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad’s varying depiction of women in his novel Heart of Darkness provides feminist literary theory with ample opportunity to explore the overlying societal dictation of women’s gender roles and expectations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The majority of feminist theorists claim that Conrad perpetuates patriarchal ideology, yet there are a few that argue the novel is gendered feminine. Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar claim â€Å"Conrad’s Heart of Darkness†¦penetratesRead MoreGender Role In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesGender Role In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness For the most part people who read Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad may feel that the novella is strictly a story of exploration and racial discrimination. But to Johanna Smith who wrote â€Å"’Too Beautiful Altogether’: Ideologies of Gender and Empire in Heart of Darkness† it is much more than that. Johanna Smith along with Wallace Watson and Rita A. Bergenholtz agree that throughout Heart of Darkness there are tones of gender prejudice, but the wayRead More Misleading Interpretations of Conrads Heart of Darkness Essays1186 Words   |  5 PagesMisleading Interpretations of Conrads Heart of Darkness Chinua Achebe, a well-known writer, once gave a lecture at the University of Massachusetts about Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, entitled An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness. Throughout his essay, Achebe notes how Conrad used Africa as a background only, and how he set Africa up as a foil to Europe,(Achebe, p.251) while he also projects the image of Africa as the other world, the antithesis of Europe andRead More Use of Light and Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness 1504 Words   |  7 PagesUse of Light and Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness  Ã‚      Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness contrasts light and darkness, to represent the civilized and uncivilized sides of the world. Conrad uses light to represent the civilized side of humanity while contrasting the dark with the uncivilized and savage. Throughout the thematic stages of the novel, that is the Thames river London, the companys office in Belgium, the journey to the heart of darkness and the conclusion, light andRead More Light and Dark in Heart of Darkness Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesLight and Dark in Heart of Darkness       The brightest of lights can obscure vision while darkness can contain truths: one must not be distracted by the sheen of light, which conceals the deeper reality present in darkness. Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness illustrates this idea with the use of several symbols. White Europeans are used as symbols of self-deception, and objects with an alabaster quality are symbols of barriers to inner truth. Black is the foil of white; it representsRead More The Role of Kurtz’s Intended in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness1580 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Kurtz’s Intended in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Very often in literature minor characters appear for only a short time in the story but carry a very heavy significance in the overall meaning of the book. Kurtz’s Intended, in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, is this kind of character. The unnamed woman only appears for a brief period at the end of the novel, but Conrad includes her for three very crucial reasons. He has Kurtz’s fiancà ©e appear to provide a justification for

Marketing Plan of Red Bull free essay sample

Red Bull counts to the category of soft drinks. It is a non alcoholic stimulation drink with a totally unique formulation and effect. It gives stimulation and revitalises the body after exertion and enhances mental and physical performance. Red Bull is to be used and not drunk. Red bull consists of two natural substances and important metabolic transmitters- the amino acid taurin and the glucuronolacton – with stimulating caffeine, vitamins and the energy provided by carbon hydrates. So when and how was Red Bull Ltd. launched? In the early 1970s, Dietrich Mateschitz, today’s managing partner of Red Bull Ltd.  got to know a so called energy drink in Asia, which Asian managers drank before meetings in order to be able to stay awake and concentrated. He brought this effective product to Austria , developed a marketing strategy and named the drink `Red Bull ?. In 1987 the product was introduced in Austria . After that it has been established in 20 countries- in Europe, Asia and the USA . Red Bull has been established world-wide successfully and has reached a market leader position. This report shall work out, how this relatively new product has been established so fast, and how Red Bull manages to stay in the position of the market leader. Analysing the target market, the marketing strategy and the positioning, this report as well shall have a look into potential future opportunities for the company. 1. Market Segmentation 1. 1 Introduction Red Bull is a non-alcoholic energy drink and therefore falls under the category of soft drinks. Soft drinks can be divided into sub-segments and one of these segments is energy and sports drinks. These can be divided again into three different categories: Glucose energy drinks Sport drinks High energy stimulation drinks Since 1996 the market of soft drinks has grown by 5% and by 1997 it reached a total amount of ? 6. 896bn, which is an equivalent of 10bn liters. Moreover we can say that the segment of energy and sports drinks represents 2. 6% or ? 177m of the overall soft drink market. Since 1992 an increase of 64% in volume sales can be found within this very young market of energy and sports drinks. The main differences of the three above mentioned sub-segments of soft drinks are as followed: 1. 2 Glucose Energy Drinks These drinks provide physical energy through glucose or a mixture of sugars. Originated from the Lucozade brand. These drinks do not contain any other substantial ingredients such as Lucozade Energy, Lucozade NRJ or Red Card. In 1927 they were originally positioned as a convalescence drink. 1. 3 Sports drinks Also known as isotonic drinks, replaces body fluids after sport activities or exercises. Sport drinks help to re-energize and re-hydrate the body and can be taken before, during or after exercises. That’s because you should drink it in great amounts and fairly quickly, they are usually still or low carbonated. Examples for this kind of drinks are Gatorade, Isostar and Dexters. 1. 4 High-energy Stimulation Drinks These drinks have ingredients such as caffeine and taurin, which help to increase concentration, endurance, alertness and reactions. This kind of drink is not only designed for sports men, it can be used nearly from everyone who wants to get stimulate and energize mind and body. Red Bull, Flying Horse and Virgin Hi Energy belong to the category of high-energy stimulation drinks. 2. The Target Market 2. 1 Introduction Red Bull, who is originally from Austria where it is still produced, distributed their energy drink in over twenty countries. Countries like USA , New Zealand , South Africa , Eastern and Western Europe . So it would be not very useful to restrict the target market to the geographic areas as well as the psychographic segmentation for the targeted consumer that’s because for a product like Red Bull it would be far to narrow as it cuts across lifestyles, demographics and socio-economic boundaries. So the best solution would be to set the target market as a behavioural segmentation. The reason for that decision is because in a behavioural segmentation the individual’s relationship with the product and the use and benefit sought from the product. Red Bull is not just an energy drink it is primarily a utility drink to be taken against mental or physical weariness or exhaustion. It’s use helps to increase endurance and heighten alertness as well as reactions and generally spoken the use of Red Bull helps to cope with the challenges of every day life, which includes work, leisure and sports. Three main stereotyped uses can be identified. 2. 2 The Athlete It is usually a person who takes his sport very serious, what means he wants to get the best out of his body. Therefore you can say that Red Bull is part of his diet and sport life. So in this case Red Bull is for him a very good and easy way to improve his endurance or speed. 2. 3 The Worker This could be anyone who has to work hard such as a manager or a street worker. Anyone who wants to get pushed up and would rather like to have a Red Bull than a coffee. 2. 4 The Clubber This category is fairly new, in recent years the people found out that Red Bull can be used as a very good mixer with alcohol. Red Bull sells now 34% of its units on premise. It is almost impossible to find the right target group, the reason for that is because of the various applications of Red Bull. Hence a clear cut categorization in age groups and socio-economics groupings is not feasible. But what we can be shore of is that the typical Red Bull drinker is dynamic and active, the gender does not play any role at all. But it is more likely that more less younger people who really like to go out fall for Red Bull. Research (PHT, 11/97 Smith Kline Beecham Energy Sports Drinks Report) has shown that 53% of the people who drink energy/ sports drinks are within the age between 14-34 years. Moreover they found out that the main reason for purchasing energy/sports drinks were to quench thirst (37%) and give boost. 3. The Macroenvironment 3. 1 Political and Legal Aspects Red Bull was introduced into the market as a new non-alcoholic drink with a new concept, namely energy drink. At first the Health Organisation was suspicious that Red Bull could be a starter drug. Their scepticism even increased after rumours that Red Bull contains ingredients like bull’s galls. However, the fact that Red Bull has been used in Australia for 9 years and in Asia even for 30 years without any complaints led to increased confidence. Furthermore a study carried out by an independent institute (ISME) in 1998 proved that Red Bull has stimulating effects like caffeine, but does not lead to addiction. Nevertheless Red Bull still needs to be approved by each country where it shall be sold, which is a very time consuming and therefore expensive. 3. 2 Economical Aspects Red Bull faces little exposure to economic cycles as it is a special drink, serving a niche market. Their target market are sportsmen/women as well as hard working people, who need a â€Å"push up†. There are few substitutes and through their well positioned advertisements their sales are increasing. 3. 3 Socio-Cultural Aspects Unlike the 1980’s, where nobody wanted to try it, people are now much more open for new experiences, as their lifestyles are changing and getting more and more influenced by ethnical groups. Furthermore they are confident to try it, because any health concerns were cleared by organisations like the ISME. The consumers are male and females regardless of age, who are very sporty or work very hard. At the moment Red Bull has a very trendy image and gets sold in a lot of bars and clubs, where it is often mixed with Vodka. 3. 4 Technological Aspects Red Bull gets exclusively produced in Austria from where it is exported to 28 countries. There are two reasons why it does not get produced in any other country. First it guaranties consistency in taste. The Fanta sold in Braziltastes for examples slightly different from the one sold in Europe , in order to meet domestic preferences. Red Bull wants to ensure that it tastes the same all over the world. Secondly in that way the recipe will be kept safely in one place. Red Bull is normally produced in 250ml cans, but glass bottles are an alternative in the case that they run out of  cans -which has happened before. The Competitors All of them contain the same ingredients: Guarana (extracted from a rare Brazilian plant; an energy spender), Ginseng (known to relieve stress), Taurine (an aid in increasing muscle mass, energy and speed up the combustion of fat) Vitamins and Caffeine (serves as accelerator to increase the effects of taurin). And most of them are sold in 250ml bottles or cans. All of them are marketed as energy spending and as very suitable mixer with alcohol. Anyway, in the UK there has only been a very moderate development in the energy drink market. Although, all of the above are prepared to penetrate the market very soon, there are only very few serious competitors of Red Bull in the UK . So far the serious direct competitors of Red Bull in the UK are the following: The can is made of recyclable aluminium and therefore environmentally friendly. Glass bottles can also be recycled and therefore do not harm the environment either. This might give the company a competitive advantage when regulations become stricter and more equal throughout Europe as well as in the rest of the world. 5. The Brand Positioning Red Bull represents a new category of drinks, the energy drinks. In this new market sector Red Bull is perceived as a premium\high margin brand product. Pricewise Red Bull is in position in which it can command a premium price because there simply nothing to compare it with. It is a unique functional drink, promising and delivering benefits that no other drink can offer. In the UK the average price of a Red Bull can is 1. 05 which is clearly above its competitors average price of 1. 03. The price expresses superiority of Red Bull and furtheron it proves that there is no substitute. The positioning policy of the company is : premium product, premium price and premium profitability.

Fluid Regulation in Weightless State free essay sample

Examines research studies space flight experiments measuring body fluid changes for scientific medical purposes. Fluid Regulation in a Microgravity Environment The extraterrestrial environment presents human beings with innumerable physiologic challenges. Astronauts engaged in space flight may experience alteration of their bodily fluids and electrolyte balance. Weightlessness generally causes a reduction in total fluid volume. In addition, there is typically a cephalad redistribution of the blood and other body fluids. This cephalad shift initiates a series of compensatory mechanisms, many of which involve hormonal fluctuations. Unfortunately, data collected from human subjects during actual space flight is rather scarce. This paucity has led to the use of various ground-based weightlessness simulations. Two important experimental techniques include the water immersion and bed rest methods. Unfortunately though, despite the considerable research..

The Eureka Stockade free essay sample

Conditions on the gold fields, unfair laws, racism, anti-British attitudes and the miner’s license, played a huge part in causing the Eureka Rebellion to take place. The miners’ eventually grew tired of the unfair laws and living conditions, so they built the Eureka Stockade and gathered firearms, in an attempt to fight for their rights and liberties. During the early morning of December 3rd 1854, the authorities launched an attack on the stockade. The miners’ fought back fervently, but their basic weapons and determination was no match for the military’s vast numbers and fierce weaponry. Even though the revolt itself was a military failure, the miners’ rebellion led to personal and political benefits for many Australians. The Eureka Stockade was a bloody but essential part of Australian history. It played a vital role in the development of democracy and personal identity within Australia. The rebellion was caused by a number of issues within the gold fields. We will write a custom essay sample on The Eureka Stockade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The miners were suffering from a number of injustices. They had no political rights; they were not allowed to vote in elections nor were they entitled to a representative in the Legislative Council, and they were treated unjustly by the blatantly brutal and corrupt government officials. However, their main grievance was the excessive and overpriced gold mining license, which cost thirty shillings each month to renew. Most of the miners’ found it nearly impossible to pay the ridiculously priced mining fee and still meet the cost of living, on the scarce and barely sufficient amount of money they had. The miners’ were required to carry their licenses with them at all times, if they were found without their license they could be fined or imprisoned. The dreaded â€Å"License Hunts† were soon brought in. License Hunts gave police the liberty to check a miner’s license at random. Those found without a license were liable to severe fines and unjust imprisonment and punishment. Most of the police were unsatisfactory, as many of them were ex-convicts and guards; because of this many of the officers were inclined to violence and brutality during a License Hunt. The officers’ brutality and unjust behaviour further infuriated the miners and made the Ballarat Gold-Fields’ police subject to much hatred. Corrupt Officialdom was a heady problem on the gold fields. In one instance, a group of men beat a drunken Scottish digger to death, the group included local publican James Bentley. James was a friend of the local magistrate; because of this he and the other three men escaped persecution. The miners were appalled. A group of three miners went to Bentley’s hotel and burnt it to the ground in defiance. It was not too soon after that the men were charged with arson. On the 11th of November 1854, ten thousand miners met to demand the release of the three men, the right for all males to vote and the abolition of the miners license; this meeting led to the formation of the Ballarat Reform League. Several of the Reform League leaders had also been involved with the Chartist movement in England. On the 29th of November of that same year, twelve thousand people at Bakery Hill watched as the Southern Cross flag, otherwise known as the Eureka Flag, was unveiled for the first time. The flag became the symbol of their struggle; the miners burned their licenses and fired shots into the air under the flag in an act of triumph and defiance. The next day, under the governance of an Irishman, Peter Lalor, a smaller but determined group swore the oath under the Eureka flag. â€Å"We swear by the Southern Cross to stand truly by each other and fight to defend our rights and liberties† – The Miners Oath The small group of miners, marched to the Eureka Lead and forged wooden barricades, to form what is now famously known as the Eureka Stockade. The uthorities, despising the miners’ rebellion, called in reinforcements from Melbourne and prepared their attack. After two days of leaving the miners unharmed in their stockade, heavily armed soldiers and police attacked the stockade on Sunday the 3rd of December 1854. The miners were unprepared and caught off guard; they fought with determination and courage, but were outnumbered and outgunned. Although th e miners lost the battle, ultimately the war was won. Twenty-Two of the miners were left dead, and a further 125 miners were taken prisoner, many being severely wounded. The authorities only suffered from six casualties, being police officers and troopers. An estimation of 120 miners were arrested after the Stockade, many of them being innocent. However, thirteen of them were charged with High Treason, despite the evidence against them, not a single one of the miners were found guilty. Peter Lalor, the leader of the revolt, and a few other men from the rebellion, managed to escape the scene. Lalor’s left arm which was badly wounded from gunshot wounds was eventually amputated. When Hotham’s Royal Commission Report was finally handed down it assessed all aspects of the administration on the gold fields. The report made several major recommendations including the abolition of the miners license, cuts on the amount of police, the replacement of gold commissioners and the restriction on Chinese immigration. According to Blainey, It was perhaps the most generous concession offered by a governor to a major opponent in the history of Australia up to that time. The members of the commission were appointed before Eureka they were men who were likely to be sympathetic to the diggers. Peter Lalor and the other rebels, who had escaped from the Stockade, came out of hiding after a general amnesty was proclaimed on the 9th of May 1855. Lalor then wrote a statement to the Colonists of Victoria stating, There are two things connected with the late outbreak (The Eureka Stockade) which I deeply regret. The first is, that we shouldn’t have been forced to take up arms at all; and the second is, that when we were compelled to take the field in our own defence, we were unable (through want of arms, ammunition and a little organisation) to inflict on the real authors of the outbreak the punishment they so richly deserved. In 1855 Lalor had become the first Member of the Legislative Council, for the seat of Ballarat. The miners in Ballarat were given eight representatives in Parliament. During one of Lalor’s speeches in the Legislative Council in 1856 he said, I would ask these gentlemen what they mean by the term democracy. Do they mean Chartism or Republicanism? If so, I never was, I am not now, nor do I ever intend to be a democrat. But if a democrat means opposition to a tyrannical press, a tyrannical people, or a tyrannical government, then I have been, I am still, and will ever remain a democrat. Lalor was later elected to the New Legislative Assembly in1856, and then went on to be elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in 1880. The Eureka Stockade influenced Australia greatly. Even though the short term benefits of Eureka were only mildly beneficial, the long term results have drastically changed and shaped Australia. The Eureka Stockade was the foundation stone of democracy in Australia, with some even arguing that Australian democracy was born at Eureka. Eureka also saw the beginning of Australia becoming its own, independent nation, without having strong ties to the British. It gave many ordinary, working-class peoples the same rights as those who were born in to wealth and power.

Philosophy Essay Tips - What to Know About How to Write a Good Essay

Philosophy Essay Tips - What to Know About How to Write a Good EssayFree essay samples are useful tools for the fresher in writing essays, however, free online essays are not always of a high standard. The problems associated with free essay samples are because of how they were created and the materials that they contain. Some of these free online essays include plagiarism, poor grammar, poor spelling, grammatical errors, and grammatical discussions.If you are trying to write an essay or a paper for school or college then using free essay samples as a guide can be a good method for you to follow but you need to understand that many of these programs do not offer all the courses you will need. Although most of these online programs offer general courses, many of them do not have the necessary courses to complete your degree.The most important thing you need to understand when writing an essay is that it must be clear, concise, and informative. This is what is meant by quality work. Th erefore, there should not be any grammatical or spelling mistakes that could negatively affect the way the reader views your essay. You should also be aware that a high-quality essay will come from the proper use of proper grammar and English.If you want to learn how to write well, then free essay samples will help you do this. This method is helpful for the newcomer in writing a student essay or an essay for college and will help you see the mistakes that you could make when writing your essay. However, because you are relying on a free course it will not provide the exact information you need to write a quality paper.This is because you do not have the same structure or research methods as a professor of literature; therefore, you cannot expect these types of courses to offer you all the resources you need to properly write a paper. One of the first tips for how to write a good essay is to use proper grammar. Using the correct grammar is one of the best ways to show how intelligen t you are.Your sentence structures should also be logical; this means the sentences should make sense. This will make it easier for the reader to understand your ideas. The next tip for how to write a good essay is to have proper punctuation.You will need to find a tip that will help you learn how to write a good essay and the best way to do this is by reading an essay online. Because of how popular writing sites like Reddit and CollegeHud exist, many people have written essays for college and philosophy classes. These are the individuals who created the materials for these courses and have long since moved on to other things.These students can provide you with good ones; however, you need to find good resources before you even consider using them. When learning how to write a good essay, you should also know how to use the tools available online. This is because these resources give you the information you need to write a quality paper that will reflect how you truly think and beli eve.

WHITNEY Surname Meaning and Family History

WHITNEY Surname Meaning and Family History The Whitney surname has several possible meanings: Dweller by or on the white island, from the Old English hwit, meaning white, and ea, meaning water, or ige, meaning island.One who came from a place named Whitney (such as parish of Whitney in Herefordshire, England), a place name meaning white island. First  mentioned in the  Domesday Book  as  Witenie.   Surname Origin: English Alternate Surname Spellings:  WITNEY, WHETNEY, WHITTENEY, WHITENEY, WYTNEY, WHITNY Famous People with the WHITNEY Surname Eli Whitney - American inventor; best known for inventing the cotton ginAmos Whitney - American mechanical engineer and inventorAsa Whitney  -  highly successful dry-goods merchant and  transcontinental railroad  promoterCarl Whitney  -  American Negro League baseball playerJohn Whitney  - founder of the prominent American Whitney  family- notable for their social prominence, wealth, businesses and philanthropy- who left   London, England, to settle in Watertown, Massachusetts in 1635.Mary Watson Whitney - American astronomer Where is the WHITNEY Surname Most Common? The Whitney surname, according to surname distribution information from Forebears, is the 10,104th most common surname in the world. It is most commonly found today in the United States, where it ranks 875th. It is also fairly prevalent in Australia and New Zealand, as well as England- especially in Northamptonshire and Herefordshire. WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates the Whitney surname is found in greatest numbers in the United States, with the greatest numbers living in the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Washington, Utah and Idaho. Genealogy Resources for the Surname WHITNEY Whitney Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Whitney family crest or coat of arms for the Whitney surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Whitney DNA ProjectMany individuals with the Whitney surname have joined this Y-DNA project to work together to use DNA testing along with traditional genealogy research to help determine Whitney origins and distinguish between various Whitney lines. WHITNEY Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Whitney ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Whitney ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.   FamilySearch - WHITNEY GenealogyExplore over 820,000 results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Whitney surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. WHITNEY Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Whitney surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. GeneaNet - Whitney RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Whitney surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Whitney Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Whitney surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Ancestry.com: Whitney SurnameExplore over 2.7 million digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Whitney surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Government's Influence on Career Choices in Public or Private Sector Research Paper

Government's Influence on Career Choices in Public or Private Sector - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that the government usually does serious marketing for the less preferred jobs such as the army. The marketing campaigns make the compensation and conditions for an average US army official very lucrative and tempting. Whenever government faces a shortage of labor, they embark to marketing just like the private sector. The continued positive branding of some careers may have an enormous impact on individual’s career choices. This paper makes a conclusion that the government international relations have an influence on an individual’s career path. Some career paths may demand that one flies to a foreign country to further studies or just to carry out the job itself. Consider a scenario where a US citizen has landed a prime job in a foreign country. If the US government is not in conducive international terms with such a country, say Iran, an individual may not have the urge to pursue his career in such a hostile foreign environment. It goes without saying the immigration department, and the federal laws governing US workers in foreign countries will not be lenient enough to make some happy to take up the job in the said country. In fact, US after warning its citizens not to head to certain places in pursuit of careers may decide to play a passive role in the case of an incidence. Therefore, international relations and government labor laws concerning working in foreign nations may have an effect on the decision one makes career wise.

How long can an offender stay in jail Term Paper

How long can an offender stay in jail - Term Paper Example On the other hand, an offender’s stay in jail and in prison is also identified through different codes and points of the law. Thereupon, it is vital to state that there might be different misconceptions as a result of a wrong treatment of the laws. The reasons why such things happen are different: biases, false testimonies, etc. The outcomes may include but not limited to life and death sentences or, at the best case, to the conclusion that an offender is freed, pardoned, or paroled. In this case Neubauer & Meinhold (2009) state the following idea: â€Å"One form of early release is parole, the conditional release of an inmate from prison† (p. 281). This is why the long stay of a detainee is not more than a year, as was mentioned before. It is required that until this moment the verdict is announced by the jury and the final claim is noted by the judge. Once again, it is wrong to state that a judge files a motion. A lawyer is the one who is interested in such a procedur e in order to protect his/her client from misjudgments. In fact, a prosecutor is also eligible to file a motion in order to delve better into the case or to prolong the investigation due to some weighty reasons. However, a prosecutor’s role is a bit different in filling a motion, as â€Å"a prosecutor may decide to dismiss the complaint by filing a motion of nolle prosequi† (Lippman, 2010, p. 5). ... All of the stages of the litigation are important to sum up all pros and cons to decide whether or not an offender should be moved to prison or set free as a result. One of the most outrageous examples is that of Scottsboro Nine in the 1930s. In this vein, the only situation when the judge is eligible to prolong the time period in jail is when an offender commits another crime just being in jail itself. These are rare cases which need additional careful examination and investigation. This is why all records should be accurately filed regarding a definite offender so as to omit misconception or mismatch of any kind: â€Å"It is through the maintenance of accurate records documenting all aspects of an inmate’s stay that institutions are able to reduce the likelihood of litigation and increase their chance for prevailing in court if litigation is filed† (Carlson & Garrett, 2008, p. 146). Thus, the documentation and keeping records safely and accurately arranged is paramoun t for making sure an offender will not stay in jail longer than possible according to the county, state or federal jurisprudence. Besides, an offender may stay longer due to the gender discretion or in case when an offender was previously placed on probation. The first case simply states that female inmates are more likely to have longer sentences just because they are â€Å"less likely to work out a plea arrangement† (Siegel, 2008, p. 551). It makes the judicial system more attentive to the state of mental and physical state of women during pretrial through sentencing stages so as to make sure a female inmate can be placed in prison. The second case is based on the precedent of an offender’s inclination to commit crime in the future. Thus, the term of the arrest

Supply, Demand and Price Elasticity Essay Example for Free

Supply, Demand and Price Elasticity Essay A commodity is a basic good that can be bought, sold, or even used as currency in parts of the world. Items such as coffee, sugar, soybeans, gold, silver, wheat, gasoline, corn, platinum, oranges, and crude oil are examples of commodities in the global marketplace. Consumers demand commodities to meet their needs in the consumption of food, or the creation of other goods or services. Suppliers, often farmers, supply the commodities to the marketplace. Several factors can affect both the supply and demand of commodities. Selected causes that affect supply and demand will be discussed as well as the effects these causes have on price, quantity, and market equilibrium. Finally, the paper will determine whether the chosen commodity, sugar, is a luxury item or a necessity, identify the availability of substitutes, and discuss how these attributes impact sugar’s price elasticity. Supply and Demand Impacts and Effects As mentioned above, the commodity chosen for discussion is sugar. Much of the world considers sugar an important commodity, used for sweetening foods, and in making other products such as baking. For these reasons, consumers highly value sugar, so its demand remains high. Crops such as sugar cane and sugar beets produce refined sugar. These crops grow in many areas of the world, including the United States, Australia, and India. Sugar operates within a market economy, so several factors cause shifts in supply and demand. Perhaps the most important factor that affects the supply of sugar is weather. As a crop grown throughout the world, sugar cane or beets are subject to extreme temperatures, flooding, drought, and even insects. Recent severe flooding in northeastern Australia has diminished the world sugar supply (Josephs, 2010). As large amounts of sugar are lost to weather, the supply curve shifts to the left, quantity supplied drops, prices increase, and market equilibrium increases as overall demand decreases. Another impact to the world supply of sugar is the development of farming and harvesting techniques to allow planting of sugar cane or sugar beets in new nvironments and climates. This scenario increase the quantity of sugar supplied to the world marketplace, shifting the supply curve to the right. When this happens, quantity increases, prices fall, and market equilibrium edges lower as demand increases. Importing and exporting of sugar directly impacts sugar supply. Nations that produce sugar determine how much sugar to export, what price they will charge for the sugar, and whom they are willing to supply sugar. For example, India is currently exporting less sugar than expected (Josephs, 2010). This action reduces the quantity supplied, in turn increasing price and market equilibrium because of decreased demand for sugar at higher prices. Another impact to the supply and demand of sugar is speculative buying. In this case, buyers purchase sugar in hopes of raising the price of sugar by reducing the supply available on the open market. The effect of the reduced supply causes prices to rise as well as market equilibrium. As prices rise, the buyers sell their sugar holdings, increasing the total sugar supply in turn reducing prices and market equilibrium. Price Elasticity Determination Though used by people in nearly every country, sugar remains a luxury item. Sugar is mainly used to add flavor or sweeten foods such as baked goods, fresh fruit, tea, and coffee. According to recent studies, the average American consumes 150 – 170 pounds of sugar per year (Regan, 2011). Excess sugar consumption produces side effects such as weight gain, hyper activity, diabetes, or high blood sugar. To counteract these effects, numerous sugar substitutes such as Equal, Splenda, Stevia, Truvia, and high fructose corn syrup exist in the marketplace. The availability of many sugar substitutes in the marketplace creates elastic demand for pure sugar (Hubbard O Brien, 2010). As sugar prices rise, consumers seek lower priced substitutes. Substitutes lower the demand for sugar without changing the quantity of sugar supplied, signaling a shift of the demand curve to the left, lowering the price as well as market equilibrium of sugar. Conclusion Many factors such as adverse weather, farming innovations, importing and exporting, and substitute availability influence both the supply and demand of soft commodities like sugar, coffee, and wheat. Each effect on supply or demand influences price, quantity, and market equilibrium differently. Luxury items with many available substitutes, like sugar, have a more elastic demand than necessity products like gasoline or heating oil having few or no substitutes available.

Native American Literature :: Native American Literature

Native American Literature Spending this semester reading Native American Literature, really brought me to make comparisons to my past experience. I think in each story, there was always something significant that seemed similar to my life. There were stories that had similar connections, and as I read them, I put my mind to connect what the author was saying and to what I remember from my life and make a connection. Actually, I thought every story was good and well to understand. For the most part, the story that really brought my attention and that made a connected to my life was reading Indian Education by Sherman Alexie. Somehow as I read this story, I understood what the author was saying. The story Indian Education is a story about the author explaining his childhood in school from grade to grade until he graduated. It explains in detail from his first grade till his twelfth grade. It shows how his personality changes as he grows and how things differ in perspective. It's like what we went through in our childhood. From remembering that bully in first grade till having your first date in eight grade. I really thought of my experience and made a few comparisons. I believe I went through the same things the author did. For instance, in his first grade the author writes how he used to get picked by the other Indian kids, and how they used to take his glasses and tossed them around. I remember once two of my ex friends chasing me and taking my glasses and ended up damaging them. I remember hating my second grade teacher because she would always punish me for talking back to her. She had this ugly face, and i hardly looked at her when she talked to me and that made her mad. As you can realize, being a child, it's just fights and games. Not caring about anything, until the consequences come. Sherman Alexie does a good job how his life changed from his childhood, and maturing in his years to come. For example, in his ninth grade, he tells how after a basketball game, he passed out after several drinks in a dance. His friends carried him to the hospital and saved him. I remember getting drunk, in which I wasn't suppose to, but those hard shots of liquor and beer, made me fall to the ground a couple of times.

Aqa-Scly1-W-Qp-Jun11

General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination June 2011 Sociology Unit 1 Wednesday 18 May 2011 For this paper you must have: ? an AQA 8-page answer book. SCLY1 9. 00 am to 10. 00 am Time allowed ? 1 hour Instructions ? Use black ink or black ball-point pen. ? Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Examining Body for this paper is AQA. The Paper Reference is SCLY1. ? This paper is divided into three sections. ? Choose one section and answer all of the questions from that section. Do not answer questions from more than one section. ? Do all rough work in your answer book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information ? The marks for questions are shown in brackets. ? The maximum mark for this paper is 60. ? Questions carrying 24 marks should be answered in continuous prose. In these questions you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist v ocabulary where appropriate. G/T64897/Jun11/SCLY1 6/6/ SCLY1 2 Choose one section and answer all of the questions from that section.Section A: Culture and Identity Total for this section: 60 marks Read Items 1A and 1B below and answer questions Item 1A Interactionists see a person’s identity as arising from interactions with other people and from how those interactions are interpreted. For example, social expectations about what is an appropriate leisure activity for an older person may influence what that person does in their spare time. This choice of leisure activity may affect how they see themselves and how others see them, both of which contribute to their sense of identity.Item 1B For Marxists, culture in society reflects ruling-class ideology. It expresses the distorted view of the world put forward by the dominant class and is important in maintaining the system of social inequality that exists in capitalist society. Functionalist sociologists argue that the culture of society reflects the shared values of that society. Society needs a shared culture to run effectively, and various agencies play their part in socialising members of society. 0 0 1 2 Explain what is meant by ‘socialisation’. 5 0 1 to 0 5 that follow. (2 marks) Suggest two reasons, apart from the one mentioned in Item 1A, why leisure choices may vary across different age groups. (4 marks) Identify three characteristics and/or concepts associated with interactionist views of culture and identity, apart from those mentioned in Item 1A. (6 marks) Examine sociological explanations of the ways in which ethnicity may shape social identity. (24 marks) Using material from Item 1B and elsewhere, assess sociological explanations of the role of culture in society. (24 marks) 0 3 0 4 0 5G/T64897/Jun11/SCLY1 3 Section B: Families and Households Total for this section: 60 marks Read Items 2A and 2B below and answer questions Item 2A Many people see childhood as a natural stage of l ife that is determined by biology. What is expected of children is shaped by their age. However, sociologists suggest that childhood is a social construction. For example, changes in the laws regarding compulsory education and access to the labour market have shaped the experiences of children today. Item 2B Feminists take a critical view of the family.They argue that family life maintains and promotes gender inequality. For example, this is reflected in the domestic division of labour. Housework and childcare in the family, which are carried out mainly by women, are unpaid and hardly recognised as work at all. However, some sociologists suggest that feminist theories ignore the extent of family diversity. In fact, family roles and relationships are varied and therefore women’s experiences of family life are more diverse than some feminists suggest. 0 0 6 7 Explain what is meant by the ‘social construction’ of childhood (Item 2A). 0 6 to 1 0 that follow. 5 (2 mar ks) Suggest two ways, apart from those mentioned in Item 2A, in which government policies and/or laws may shape the experiences of children today. (4 marks) Identify three reasons why the birth rate has fallen since 1900. Examine the reasons for changes in the divorce rate since 1969. (6 marks) (24 marks) 0 0 1 8 9 0 Using material from Item 2B and elsewhere, assess the contribution of feminist sociologists to an understanding of family roles and relationships. (24 marks) Turn over for Section C Turn over ?G/T64897/Jun11/SCLY1 4 Section C: Wealth, Poverty and Welfare Total for this section: 60 marks Read Items 3A and 3B below and answer questions Item 3A In the United Kingdom, there is a mixed economy of welfare provision. This means that a range of different individuals and organisations provides welfare. The state benefits system is part of this provision and includes some benefits that are universal and others that are means-tested or selective. Voluntary groups also provide welf are services alongside the state and other providers.Item 3B Some sociologists suggest that the attitudes and behaviour of the poor themselves are a significant factor in the existence and continuation of poverty. The poor have a distinct subculture that is different from the rest of society. This subculture encourages certain attitudes and behaviour that keep the poor locked in poverty. However, other sociologists question the existence of a set of different norms and values among the poor. Instead, they suggest that poverty arises from the structure and organisation of society. 1 1 1 2 Explain the difference between income and wealth. 1 1 to 1 5 that follow. 5 (4 marks) Suggest two advantages of welfare benefits being universal, rather than selective (Item 3A). (4 marks) Suggest two advantages of welfare provision by voluntary groups (Item 3A). (4 marks) 1 1 3 4 Examine the reasons for the increasing inequality of wealth in the United Kingdom since the 1970s. (24 marks) Using mate rial from Item 3B and elsewhere, assess the view that the attitudes and the behaviour of the poor themselves are responsible for poverty. (24 marks) 1 5 END OF QUESTIONS Copyright  © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. G/T64897/Jun11/SCLY1