Modernism in Music and Politics and Culture in Postwar France Essay

Modernism in Music and Politics and Culture in Postwar France - Essay Example London: MacMillan, 1999, pp. 84-85) 1. General Contents: This article discusses the existentialism school of thought that was prevalent in post-World War II France. Sartre introduces a school of thought that is called commitment, but in the end he has to adjust his notions to include the textual reality into his ideas2. 2. Qualifications: Jean-Paul Sartre was a playwright, novelist, and philosopher who lived between 1905 and 1980. 3. Evaluation of Credibility: Sartre was an influential figure in Post World War II France. He held on to his revolutionary beliefs concerning politics, and human existence. His stance on these matters drew controversy; yet he at the same time had an attachment to the traditional modes of cultural expression. His ideas were of relevance to, and appealed to the contemporary world. He developed a secular form of existentialism. His ideas insisted that existence comes before essence, and rejected the supernatural. He was of the opinion that modern culture was saturated with existentialism, as an intellectual movement. 4. Intended Audience: This essay is very helpful to everyone who is concerned about the way pertinent issues in the society can be addressed. By following the arguments that Sartreans, and the opposing writers and intellectuals advanced; one is able to understand how literature can be used to influence society3. The article is an interesting read, very insightful. In my opinion though, one should read it with an open mind. When one has a preformed ideology, then personal biases may prevent them from appreciating the factors that were inherent of the opposing sides. ESSAY MODERNISM To... This "Modernism in Music and Politics and Culture in Postwar France" outlines the existentialism school of thought that was prevalent in post-World War II France. Sartre introduces a school of thought that is called commitment, but in the end, he has to adjust his notions to include the textual reality into his ideas. To some writers, musical modernism extends from around 1890 to the 1930s. The period after that is often referred to as the post-modernism era. Industrialization, technological advances, and scientific discoveries that were taking place at the time of early musical modernism, meant radical reforms in musical expression. Individuals were trying to come to grips with a society which was becoming increasingly complex. Leon Botstein was of the opinion that alienation and isolation of individuals had resulted in heightened sensitivity. The intensity of personal emotions was concomitant, and it accompanied the sense of discontinuity, and newness that pervaded the first years of the century . Rhythmic strands were layered, and they started being based on two, or more metric frameworks that run concurrently. He asserted that the domination of industry, science, and technology was a characteristic feature of the modernism era. In addition to this, mechanization, nationalization, urbanization, positivism, and mass culture all had a role to play in influencing musical styles of this time. Several aspects of music changed during this time. The language of music and tonal organization were revolutionized.

(Manifesto, Any thing do with Hong Kong or Canada, or, any problem do Essay

(Manifesto, Any thing do with Hong Kong or Canada, or, any problem do with canada food industry) - Essay Example Those on the preservation side always suspect those who advocate conservation with ulterior motives and then no matter how careful Man is, accidents do happen with unimaginable and often massive environmental disasters, like the Exxon Valdez incident in Alaska. I am a late environmentalist, meaning I got concerned with environmental issues just only a bit recently. Although there are many environmental issues that should properly be the concern of everyone on this planet, it is best to focus one's attention, energies, and efforts on a single environmental topic for better results. In this regard, I consider animal protection as the better way to express my environmentalism tendencies, because animals have feelings too, in the sense they can feel pain, just like humans or any other living creature, and yet no one has seemed to take up the cudgels in their defense. Animal rights advocates have been sounding a call to prevent unwanted slaughter of seals, the illegal trade in elephant iv ory tusks, the use of tiger parts for aphrodisiacs, mining bile from bears, eating dog meat or any other forms of the most unusual animal cruelty. This paper is a manifesto on the killing of sharks for their fins. Discussion China today is considered as the world's oldest continuously existing civilization. It may not be the oldest or the first civilization to have arisen from human communities, but it is certainly the oldest, as previously older civilizations, like the Egyptian or the Sumerian (Iraq), or the Sanskrit civilization of India, had long ceased to exist, except in history books. China is also ascendant in the world stage today, eager to reclaim what it considers as its rightful place in global affairs, be it economic, military, financial, industrial cultural, or otherwise. As an old civilization in existence for the last five millennia, its language and culture are truly unique, a civilization inspiring awe and admiration, in some quarters. Its cuisine is also the envy o f the world, using exotic ingredients in a meal or banquet fit only for an emperor. Its recipes had in many ways been preserved in writing in ancient texts, describing in detail how to cook up the best foods, ingredients to use, where to find them, how to chop, how to fry, how to steam, etc. China is a vast country, in terms of its population, diversity, and geography. As such, it is not surprising to find many unusual types of food, such as eating the brains of a monkey while it is still alive, literally eating it by placing its head through a hole on the dining table, crack its skull open, and then scoop up the brains. It is thought to be a good aphrodisiac and also as a defense against the cold of the harsh winter. This practice of eating its brains while still alive had since been banned, but people still do eat it at times, even if it is now illegal. Another key characteristic or feature of Chinese cuisine is its exquisite use of exotic ingredients. In another time, when the em perors still ruled China and considered themselves as geographic center of the entire civilized world, there is no ingredient that was too difficult to find or procure, from the highest mountains to the deepest oceans. It is good luck that pandas have not entered the Chinese menu, otherwise it could have gone extinct. But the more disturbing aspect of Chinese cooking is

Mithodology and planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mithodology and planning - Essay Example Course ideas The lesson is part of a unit or course that I have taught back in my school. So the idea of the course is not a new thing for me. While designing this course, I focused on the students’ needs in the first place as is explained by Graves (2000). I am going to teach this course to young intermediate female students who are studying English as a compulsory subject among other Arabic subjects in the school. Therefore, on the whole goal of the course is to improve the students’ four language skills: speaking, listening, reading and writing through a common and lovable topic such as food. Beliefs inherent in planning Since the type of the course is integrated course of the four skills, in each lesson I tried to focus on a specific skill. In this lesson, I tried to concentrate more on the writing skill by teaching students the sequence of words that will make their writing more coherent. Also, I have not just focussed on language but also tried to introduce the culture of English language through my lesson as it is presented by Cruz, Bonissone and Baff (1995). They encouraged teaching the culture of the second language and explained that it will make the abstract form of the language more meaningful. Thus, through this lesson I introduced examples of common food in English culture such as peanut butter sandwiches and chocolate muffins. Moreover, there is a connection between L1 and L2, due to the nature of the human brain. Students tend to translate what they learn in L2 to their L1 (Littlewood & Yu, 2009). Therefore, I tried to bring their previous knowledge about food in their L1 and to use the English language to talk about it. Also, when choosing the activities for my lesson I considered my students’ different learning styles as it is cited in Nunan, (1999).Furthermore, I used different learning strategies, through various activities. The reason for this variation is to keep the students interested all the time and to attract their attention. Also, my role as a teacher through these activities was to direct them with simple and direct instructions and to observe their work. However, I did not correct their errors in a direct way and tried to accept their answers as such in order to encourage them and give them the freedom to participate more. On the other hand, the role of the students was productive and they had a great part in speaking, reading and writing. This facilitates my role as a teacher because I had to observe and direct only. Context The topic of my course and lesson is about food, which is a common topic. Therefore, it can be adapted in any context. H owever, there are some adaptations that could be made according to the context in which this course will be given. For example, kinds of food, types of activities and materials. Also, in my context I have to pay attention on my students’ religious and cultural backgrounds when choosing the topic of my texts. For example, I cannot teach the Muslim students texts that talk about how to prepare a pork sandwich, because eating the pig’s meat is forbidden in Islam. Nevertheless, the number of the students in my real context is vast and there is always lack of materials. However, the most significant element

The role and impact of marketing on the use and availability of drugs Research Paper

The role and impact of marketing on the use and availability of drugs in America and effective interventions to combat corporate marking strategies - Research Paper Example a moratorium on direct to consumer advertisements in order to give doctors an opportunity to learn about new drugs before patients demand prescriptions to ease their pain, bend their minds, or sleep through the night (2007, p.3). Direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) is a leading cause of drug misuse. The expenditure on direct to consumer advertising has been on a steady rise (Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation 2000). The influence of drug advertisements is on the rise too. A survey conducted in 2004 showed that doctors believed that direct to consumer advertisement affected how they interacted with patients and in their profession. Previously, drug manufacturers used to promote their drugs only to professionals in the health care sector so that they can explain how the drug works to their patients. The trend changed in the early 1990s and manufacturers changed their focus to consumers. Advertisements targeting consumers began to emerge. Marketing led to increase in spending on prescription drugs as patients began following up on their healthcare. This led to another problem as patients began demanding drugs they had seen on advertisements from their physicians. Due to this, manufacturers intensified their ad strategies is order to benefit from high sales. Some companies are suspected to be giving misleading information about their products. Some exaggerate the ability of their products to treat certain ailments or how fast they can cure a person once taken. It is for this reason that proper guidelines should be set on how companies advertise their drugs. One of the ways may be to require that any drug advertised should include a list of any likely side effects. Drugs advertised should also not be allowed to describe what they do. Drug should also be properly labeled in accordance to the set guidelines. Emotional style advertising should be prohibited as it misleads buyers. Other strategies like rising of the legal drinking age may help reduce accessibility to

Thames tunnel (london) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Thames tunnel (london) - Research Paper Example The tunnel measures 11m (35 feet) wide 6m (20 feet) high and 396 m (1,300 feet) long (Teape 6). It runs a depth of 23 m (75 feet) below the surface of River Thames when measured at high tide. In early 19 century, there was no land that could connect the South and north banks of the Thames and to connect the expanding docks on either side of the River. The port of London the main hub of across the entire British Empire and the business worldwide. Any bridge constructed was supposed to allow ships that had masts over one hundred feet tall to be sailed under them yet there was no available technology if the Tower bridges lifting bascules to early engineers (Will 15). It could not be possible for a horse to pull a cat that was loaded up through a steep hill up to 100 feet into the air at a gentle slope. The approach ramps needed to be very long, which made in impractical. This pressing need so Engineer Ralph Dodd develop a tunnel to between Tilbury and Gravesend in 1799 (Teape 6). This first attempt did not succeed. Later (1805-1809) a group of Cornish miners being led by Richard Trevithick made another attempt of digging a tunnel upriver between Limehouse/Wapping and Rotherhithe. The equally encountered difficult conditions and failed. As Cornish miners, they were used to dealing with hard rocks. They needed to modify the methods they used in digging hard rocks to enable them to deal with quicksand and soft clay (Teape 8). There was also the problem of the flooding of the initial pilot tunnel. It was reported that after 1000 feet of the total 1,200 feet became flooded, the Thames Archway project was abandoned. It measures 2 to 3 feet by 5 feet, and was intended to be used for a passenger’s use. The failure of this early project made engineers to come to a conclusion that constructing an underground tunnel was impractical. However, Marc Brunel , the Anglo-French engineer, could not agree to this.

Multicultural Education Improvement Research Paper

Multicultural Education Improvement - Research Paper Example Banks (1994) identifies five dimensions of multicultural education.   The first of these dimensions are â€Å"content integration† which is a technique by which educators ensure that teaching reflects cultural diversity (Banks 1994, p. 4). An example is to emphasize contributions in the field of study by diverse cultural heroes. Secondly, educators utilize â€Å"knowledge construction† which informs students how perspectives are influenced by â€Å"conclusions reached within that discipline† (Banks 1994, p. 5).   The third dimension of multicultural education is referred to by Banks (1994) as â€Å"prejudice reduction† which helps students to form objective views of diverse groups (p. 5). The fourth dimension is â€Å"equitable pedagogy† which attempts to alter classroom instructions that all students among different cultural groups perform academically.   The final dimension is â€Å"empowering school culture and social structure† whic h focuses on the environment within the school and ensuring that it supports diversity among the student body. Multicultural education can be defined as education strategies designed to accommodate teaching and learning for diverse cultures.   The idea is to provide for fostering pluralism among races, cultures and classes.   Theoretically at least, if students are subjected to multicultural education that is properly integrated into teaching and learning processes, attachment and engagement should improve.   ... 5). The third dimension of multicultural education is referred to by Banks (1994) as â€Å"prejudice reduction† which helps students to form objective views of diverse groups (p. 5). The fourth dimension is â€Å"equitable pedagogy† which attempts to alter classroom instructions that all students among different cultural groups perform academically (Banks 1994, p. 5). The final dimension is â€Å"empowering school culture and social structure† which focuses on the environment within the school and ensuring that it supports diversity among the student body (Banks 1994, p. 5). Multicultural education can be defined as education strategies designed to accommodate teaching and learning for diverse cultures. The idea is to provide for fostering pluralism among races, cultures and classes. Theoretically at least, if students are subjected to multicultural education that is properly integrated into teaching and learning processes, attachment and engagement should improv e. Ukpokodu (2009) informs that if multicultural education focuses on transformative learning, students of all races, cultures and classes transform their way of thinking and their perspectives and attitudes to more democratic and objective ways of thinking (2). Arguably, students become more responsible citizens and want to be productive citizens. As Banks (2008) argues, responsible citizenship can be hampered and can be lost on minorities when they are forced to detach themselves from their own cultures and languages (p. 130). Therefore by virtue of transformative learning under the auspices of effective multicultural education, students can be expected to become more engaged and attached to school, as they are not forced to become detached from their own cultures, races and classes. To

World of Work Silver - Organisational Awareness Coursework - 1

World of Work Silver - Organisational Awareness - Coursework Example Jaguar is exported to more than 60 countries around the world. In mid-2008 India’s Tata Motors acquired JLR for  £1.15 billion in what is seen as a move to expand its production line and cut down on costs (Grant, 2010). JLR conducts its sales to customers mainly through franchised distributors and importers. However, since 2008 activities, the demand for Land Rover cars and sales immediately declined by almost one-quarter. In 2009, for instance, 144,133 car sales were registered. Jaguar also recorded a slump in sales by almost 20 per cent to about 52,500 in 2010 (Grant, 2010). Regardless, Jaguar is an effective innovation-driven organization in its internal processes, judging by the unique car designs created through innovation and seamless R&D processes. In order to improve the quality of its products, JLR has reduced its product lines to two instead of the initial six (Raynal, 2012). This implies that JLR is keen on differentiation of a lean product line, which is achievable through technological and product line modernisation. The company spends heavily on R&D so as to come up with products which not only meet but exceed current and future customer expectations. But compared to other market rivals, JLR carefully balances its innovation with the primary risk in the current business environment – cost overruns in the unpredictable market forces. Nonetheless, Jaguar’s supply chain management is still poor, judging by the low presence of the products in the developing economies compared to its market rivals such as Mercedes Benz or General Mo tors (Harris, 2013). Owing to the fitness of the Land Rover brand for different purposes, the brand is apparently performing better than the Jaguar brand (Gomes et al, 2007). After the recent acquisition, the company has shifted major head office decisions to India in an attempt to strengthen its market presence across the two products. In India, the company seeks to